Charity is an Islamic tool for poverty alleviation and achieving justice. It also brings maturity and evolution to the payer of which and subsequently to the community. Due to its economic nature, it can be influenced by the economic and social variables. This paper estimates the effects of distress and volatilities of the Markets on Charity. It's been tried to estimate the effects of some of the main economic variables on Charity: The Effects of variables of income (production) that reflect economic recovery, the number of the religious institutions which indicates the size of Market, as substitutes for making Charity through Relief Committee, Unemployment and inflation, as signs of disorder in labor Market and the Market for goods and services, as well as the government expenditure that shows the injection to the society. Pooled data method along with econometric models has been used for the study. The data are for the years 1999- 2007. The results indicate that Charity is positively correlated with the provincial income per capita and the Governments spending while negatively correlated with the number of substitutes to charity organizations, inflation and unemployment. It also reflects the low elasticity of provincial per capita charity with the provincial per capita income as well as the number of religious institutes indicating that it is regarded as a necessary expense.

Benevolent activities, like other human activities, can be the subject of study in various sciences, including economics. This article seeks to find an appropriate answer to how the Infaq demand function is organized. The results of the analysis of this article, which has been done using descriptive-analytical method and with the method of library and expert inquiry, show that the demand for Infaq is composed of different vectors of characteristics. Therefore, the applicants determine the amount of their demand according to their degree of importance. This article has tried to obtain a complete set of these trajectories and suggestions to strengthen them in the country by using Quranic documents and narration and asking experts. Then, inspired by Lancaster's demand theory, establish the Infaq demand function based on these characteristics and derive the Infaq valuation function by using the Hedonic price function. Identifying the demand function of Infaq and introducing effective vectors in that path provides solutions to strengthen them in order to boost the Infaq Market in the country.

One of the most important socio-economic teachings of the Qur’ an is the emphasis on charity and helping the deprived as the practical pillars of faith and the important effects on the well-being of the individual and society. The Quran verses in the field are abundant and may be examined in many ways. As viewed by psychologists, motivation is needed for any action. The present study examines the ways in which the holy Qur’ an has been used to motivate believers towards the charity acts, with an emphasis on al-Mizan Commentary. The most important motivational methods of the Qur’ an regarding charity are: imagining things such as God’ s resilience and his true ownership of the universe, the use of rewarding methods and encouragement through the expression of charity and its psychological and ethical benefits, the threatening and humiliating utterance. Providing great and influential role models in the charity of the ancestors.

One of the most honorable affairs is charity (Infaq). However, one of the research needs is to investigate the prioritization in charity. For example, which groups, namely the poor relatives or non-kin poorer individuals, are more prioritized in terms of charity? Is severity of needs or kinship considered as the criterion for charity prioritization? How should charity prioritization be conducted among the poor of the society? In the present study, the answers can be explained according to the Holy Quran that the first criterion for charity is kinship and then needs, unless the life of non-kin individuals is dependent on charity and there is no such an emergency for the relatives. Accordingly, prioritization of charity is as follows: parents, relatives, orphans, returnees, close neighbors, distant neighbors, companions, wayfarers, servants, and slaves.In case of contradictions between charity to parents and children in cases of what is donated is enough only for one person, Jurisprudents believe that both groups are at the same priority; thus they fatwa on alteration or lottery, while according to verse 215 of Surtat al-Baqara, parents are prioritized. This verse shows the necessity of charity to parents, but it is not considered or investigated in significant Shiite jurisprudence books. Hadiths and narrations also confirm the interpretation of the mentioned quranic verse and consider charity priority to parents and relatives. According to hadiths, observance of charity prioritization for relatives will result in immense rewards and charity in the way of God is lower in terms of rewards.

The syntagmatic (descriptive) semantic approach is an attempt to represent the words and their relations existing in the human mind. Considering this idea, the present paper, while applying this approach, seeks to provide a descriptive analysis of the concept of Infaq and to explain the semantic and rhetorical function of the concepts that having a syntagmatic relation with it are sometimes used in relation to Infaq. Examination of the Quranic data reveals that the words “ ehsan” , “ et'am” , “ sadaqah” , “ elhaf” and “ ehfa’ " are among the words which have similar meanings to Infaq, and the words “ akl batet” , “ kanz” , “ bokhl” and “ shohh” are among the words that have an opposite syntagmatic meaning relation with Infaq. Also, the relation between these words can be identified on the basis of their semantic components, similarity or contrast of purpose, context and common applications. In addition, each one of these words has been used with an exaggerated function, or psychological analysis and worldview explanation. Furthermore, among the words having a syntagmatic relation with Infaq, there are such relations as positive and negative functional relations, causal relation and inclusion relation. Moreover, the discovery of the conceptual relations between these words and Infaq is indicative of the wise and purposeful use of words in the holy Quran.

“ Infaq” is one of the most prominent individual-social guiding principles of the Quran, which is referred to as financial piety as opposed to doctrinal and devotional piety. The high frequency of Infaq verses in the divine discourse indicates its special importance to God, so much so that it has been mentioned as a way to save man from the inner diseases of the soul, such as miserliness, avarice, etc., and it paves the way for the purity of the soul. Based on syntagmatic relations, Infaq co-occurs with many words in the divine verses. Relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the present article deals with the semantic components of Infaq based on the positive and negative differentiation of elements while extracting some of the words which co-occur with Infaq. The findings reveal that the word Infaq co-occurs with some ethical and doctrinal concepts with positive emotional denotation such as faith, piety, benevolence, goodness, trustworthiness, lucrative business, etc., and creating semantic relationships at the sentence level, it forms such semantic components as practical faith, creation of personal and social security and health, theism, reinforcement of moral values, moderation, etc. Each one of these lexical relations denotes special meaning subtleties and literary imagery of Infaq, and in turn indicates the coherence and cohesion of the words and meanings in the divine discourse, so much so that the lack of attention to the highlights in syntagmatic relations will reduce the precise and deep understanding of words.

The purpose of this paper is to survey of Muslim consumer behavior with respect to a given portfolio. In other words, in this paper, a set of specified assets with returns in certain state be considered as the individual's budget constraint. In this regard, factors affecting the portfolio selection by the individual in Islamic economics will be discussed. Also the subject of consumption in Islamic Economics is analyzed and finally the principal model of paper will be provided. For this purpose a Muslim, utility of consumption and the utility of Infaq in the current period and future (future periods discounted with the rate of time preference) and maximize with respect of his portfolio. Finally will be specified that the value of Asset in certain state with marginal utility of Infaq and consumption in current time have inverse relationship and marginal utility of Infaq and consumption in future time, time preference of investor– consumer and the probability of a given situation related to a specific asset have a direct relationship. It also use of this model can be derived the function of consumption and Infaq.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the Market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the Market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the Market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the Market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Due to the stochastic nature of wind energy, allocating an appropriate investment incentive for wind generation technology (WGT) is a complicated issue. We propose an improvement on the traditional incentive, known as capacity payment mechanism (CPM), to reward the wind generators based on their performance exogenously affected by the wind energy potential of the location where the turbines are installed, and therefore, lead the investments towards locations with more generation potential. In CPM, a part of investment cost of each generator is recovered through fixed payments. However, in our proposal, wind generators are rewarded according to dynamic forecasts of the wind energy potential of the wind farm where they are located. We use an auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model to forecast the wind speed fluctuations in long-term while capturing the auto-correlation of wind velocity variation in consecutive time intervals. Using the system dynamics (SD) modelling approach a competitive electricity Market is designed to examine the efficiency of the proposed incentive. Performing a simulation analysis, we conclude that while a fixed CPM for wind generation can decrease the loss of load durations and average prices in long-term, the proposed improvement can provide quite similar results more efficiently.

Discussion of the issues and ideas about consumption is important to the economic literature and there are many books and papers in the field. In the other hand Islamic Economics has specific view in the consumption that distinguishes it from conventional theories. However, there are important issues about consumption which are suggested in Islamic Economics. There are two important principles which distinguishes Islamic Economics from conventional economics. These principles include:1) expenses related to the Infaq 2) Prohibition of Israf. The main purpose of this paper is to survey consumer behavior and its optimization according to the mentioned constraints, using the Dynamic Programming Methods. Finally, after modeling it is specified that in the euilibrium path the marginal utility of consumption equals the marginal utility of Infaq and the expected rate of return (as of Islamic Finance) and rate of time preference influences the consumption and Infaq.